body {
  font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  color: #333;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.6;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

a {
  color: #990000;
  text-decoration: none;
}
a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.container {
  max-width: 1060px;   /* adjust to taste: 700–1000px works well */
  margin: 0 auto;     /* centers the content */
  padding: 0 20px;    /* keeps some breathing room on mobile */
}

/* Hero section */
.hero {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: flex-start; /* aligns content to the top */
  align-items: center;         /* horizontal center */
  padding-top: 10px;           /* space from the very top of the hero */
  min-height: 85vh;            /* keeps hero tall */
  text-align: center;
  background-image: url('/images/annie_title.jpg');
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center top;
  background-attachment: fixed;
  color: rgba(0,0,0,0.85);
  position: relative;
}

.hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.85);
}

.hero h1, .hero p {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

/* Hero title adjustments */
.hero h1 {
  font-size: 4rem;
  font-weight: 1000;
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: 1.2rem; /* decrease space below the title */
}

.hero p {
  margin-top: 0; /* remove any extra top margin */
  font-size: 1rem;
}

/* Default: single line */
.hero-subtitle {
  display: inline;
}

/* Mobile two-line subtitle using a pseudo-element */
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .hero-subtitle {
    /* hide the original inline text visually, keep element in flow */
    color: transparent;
    position: relative; /* not strictly required, but safe */
  }

  .hero-subtitle::before {
    content: "Department of Psychology\AUniversity of Southern California";
    white-space: pre;            /* allow \A to become a line break */
    display: block;             /* put it on its own block line(s) */
    color: #333;                /* explicitly set visible color */
    font-size: 1rem;            /* match normal subtitle size (adjust if needed) */
    line-height: 1.4;
    /* optional: preserve bold/red styling if needed */
    /* font-weight: normal; */
  }
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 3.5rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 2.75rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .hero h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;  /* make the header stick to top */
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;     /* ensure it stays above other content */
  width: 100%;
  background-color: white; /* keep background opaque */
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

/* Navbar */
.navbar {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0rem 1.5rem;
  height: 60px;
  background-color: white;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
.nav-links {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
}

/* Show full logo by default */
.logo-full {
  display: inline;
}

.logo-short {
  display: none;
}

/* On small screens, swap logos */
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .logo-full {
    display: none;
  }
  .logo-short {
    display: inline;
    font-weight: bold;
    font-size: 1.2em;
  }
}

.mobile-menu-icon {
  display: none;       /* hidden by default */
  font-size: 2rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .nav-links {
    display: none;     /* hide normal links */
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
    background-color: white;
    position: absolute;
    top: 60px;         /* just below navbar */
    right: 0;
    width: 200px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
  }

  .nav-links li {
    margin: 0;
  }

  .nav-links li a {
    display: block;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  }

  .mobile-menu-icon {
    display: block;    /* show hamburger */
  }
}


/* CTA Banner in Hero */
.cta-banner {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  background-color: #990000; /* USC red */
  padding: 1rem 2rem;
  border-radius: 12px;
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 70px;
  z-index: 1;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.cta-banner a {
  color: white;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  display: block;
}

.cta-banner:hover {
  /*transform: translateY(-3px); */
  transform: translateX(-50%) scale(1.05);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
}

/* Sections */
section {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: opacity 0.8s ease-out, transform 0.8s ease-out;
  padding: 50px 20px;
  scroll-margin-top: 30px; /* height of your sticky navbar */
}
section.visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
  scroll-margin-top: 10px;

}

/* Headings */
h1, h2 {
  font-size: 1.7rem;
  color: #990000;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

h3 {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: #990000;
  margin-bottom: .5rem;
}

/* Research */
.research-home p {
  font-size: 1.2rem;   /* ~20px, larger than body text */
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.research-cards {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.research-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column; /* stack main + pubs vertically */
  background-color: #f9f9f9;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
  gap: 1rem;
}

/* Keep image + text side by side */
.research-main {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: flex-start;
  margin-bottom: 0rem;
}

/* Text next to image */
.research-text {
  flex: 1;
  margin-bottom: 0rem;
}

/* Key publications take full width */
.research-pubs {
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 0rem;
}

.research-pubs h3 {
  margin-top: 0rem;       /* remove any extra top margin */
  margin-bottom: 0rem; /* space below heading */
}

/* Square research image container */
.research-image {
  width: 240px;
  height: 240px;
  border-radius: 8px;           /* square, not circle */
  border: 2px solid #990000;
  flex-shrink: 0;

  background-size: cover;     /* zoom fill */
  background-position: center;/* default center crop */
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  margin-bottom: 0rem;
}

/* Per-image adjustments */
.img-title {
  background-image: url('/images/annie_title.jpg');
  background-position: 94% 0%;
  background-size: 330%; /* slight zoom in */
}

.img-window {
  background-image: url('/images/annie_window.jpg');
  background-position: 40% center; /* shift focus horizontally */
  background-size: 125%; /* zoom in more */
}

.img-laundry {
  background-image: url('/images/annie_laundry.jpg');
  background-position: 30% 0%;
  background-size: 223%; /* keep natural */
}

/* Mobile-friendly research layout */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  /* Stack image above text */
  .research-main {
    flex-direction: column;  /* stack vertically */
    align-items: center;     /* center the image horizontally */
  }

  /* Full width image */
  .research-image {
    width: 100%;            /* span container */
    max-width: 100%;        /* prevent overflow */
    height: 200px;          /* fixed height for mobile */
    margin-bottom: 0rem;    /* spacing below image */
  }

  /* Text takes full width */
  .research-text {
    width: 100%;
  }
}

.research-card h2 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  margin: 0rem 0;
  color: #990000;
}

.research-card p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin-top: .5rem;
}

/* Optional: responsive for smaller screens */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .research-card {
    flex-direction: column;  /* stack image on top for mobile */
  }

  .research-card img.research-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
  }
}

/* Research publications */
.research-pubs h3 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  color: #333;
}

.research-pubs ul {
  list-style: none;
  padding-left: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.research-pubs li {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.research-pubs .pub-badge {
  margin-left: 6px;
}

/* People section layout */
.people-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.2fr .8fr; /* two equal columns */
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: start; /* align content at the top */
}

.people-text {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  padding: 1.2rem;
}

.people-text p {
  margin-top: 0rem;
}

/* Make it stack vertically on smaller screens */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .people-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

.person-card-content {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 1rem; /* space between photo and text */
  margin-bottom: 0rem;
}

.person-photo {
  width: 120px;
  height: 120px;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 50%;
  border: 2px solid #990000; /* optional USC red border */
  flex-shrink: 0; /* keeps the photo size fixed */
}

.person-info h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.25rem 0;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: #990000;
}

.person-info div {
  margin-bottom: 0rem;
}

.person-info p {
  margin-top: .5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0rem;
}

.person-card {
  background-color: #f9f9f9;
  padding: 1rem;
  border-radius: 12px;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}
.person-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.person-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 6px;
  padding: 2px 6px;
  font-size: 0.75em;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #990000;
  background-color: #f0f0f0;
  border-radius: 6px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
}
.person-badge:hover {
  background-color: #e0e0e0;
}

/* Publications */
/*#publications ul li {
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease;
}
#publications ul li:hover {
  transform: translateX(5px);
  color: #990000;
}*/

/* Publications grid */
.publications-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.publication-card {
  background-color: #f9f9f9;
  padding: 1rem;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.publication-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.publication-card h3 {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: #990000;
  margin-top: 0rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

.publication-item h3 {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}

.pub-reference {
  margin-top: 0rem;
  margin-bottom: 0rem;
}

.pub-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 6px;
  padding: 2px 6px;
  font-size: 0.75em;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #990000;
  background-color: #f0f0f0;
  border-radius: 6px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
}
.pub-badge:hover {
  background-color: #e0e0e0;
}

.more-container {
  display: flex;
  /* justify-content: flex-end; /* right aligned by default */
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.more-button {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.6rem 1.2rem;
  background-color: #f9f9f9; /* match cards */
  color: #990000;            /* USC red */
  font-weight: bold;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  border-radius: 8px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

.more-button:hover {
  background-color: #ececec;
  color: #b30000; /* darker USC red */
}

#all-publications h2 {
  margin-top: -20px;
}

/* Footer */
.site-footer {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 1rem 0;
  background-color: #f0f0f0;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  margin-bottom: 0rem;
}

.site-footer p {
  margin: 0;        /* removes all default top/bottom margins */
  padding: 0;       /* optional, ensures no padding */
}

.site-footer .footer-credit {
  font-size: 0.6rem;         /* smaller font */
  color: #666;               /* lighter gray */
  margin-top: 0.2rem;       /* small space below copyright */
}